The chemical composition of steel – the influence of silicon

The influence of silicon on the steel composition has a favorable effect for the most part. This element dissolves completely in the solid solution in certain proportions, without forming carbides.

In addition to iron and carbon, depending on the type and specific purpose of the steel, other elements can be added in variable amounts to obtain specific properties needed for industrial and engineering applications.

The way a steel reacts to the different demands it is subjected to depends on several factors, including:

– the chemical composition of the steel, which indicates what chemical elements it is made of;

– the metallographic structure of the steel, which indicates how it was produced;

– the shape of the piece and the dimensions in which the steel participates in taking over requests.

If the silicon content is less than 0.20%, it does not have an appreciable effect on the physical properties of the steel. The silicon content increased to approximately 0.30 to 0.40%, considerably increases the elasticity and resistance of the steel without a serious reduction in its ductility.

Silicon is an element added to the composition of steel to improve several aspects of its performance.

THE INFLUENCE OF SILICON ON STEEL – THE MAIN EFFECTS

Improving hardness and resistance

Silicon adds hardness to steel, making it more resistant to deformation and wear. This is particularly useful in applications where the steel must withstand heavy loads or mechanical wear.

Improved elasticity

The addition of silicon can improve the steel’s ability to return to its original shape after bending or stretching. Vital factor in applications such as springs and other components that require great flexibility.

Resistance to oxidation and corrosion

Silicon helps to form an oxide layer on the steel surface that protects the metal from the corrosive effects of the environment. This is useful in aggressive environmental conditions or where the steel is exposed to chemicals.

Control of iron crystal growth

Silicon influences the way iron crystals form during the solidification of steel. It can prevent the grains from growing too quickly, thus contributing to a more uniform and finer structure of the steel, which improves the overall mechanical properties.

Improvement of magnetic properties

In electrical steels, silicon improves the magnetic properties. This is a crucial aspect for steels used in transformers, motors and other electrical devices.

Through these effects, silicon is a valuable additive in the manufacture of steels intended for various industrial and engineering applications, offering a balance between resistance, durability and performance.